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The History of Ethiopian – Indian Relations

This may not be the most rigorous of historical books, but given it was published in 1961, in Ethiopia, “Indo-Ethiopian Relations for Centuries” by Muthanna is a unique find. The first 70-odd pages present some rather tenuous linkages between the two areas, and  ome rather bizarre claims that Ethiopians (and Egyptians) are descendants of Indians […]

Thought Provokers

Invisible Countries

The “map of the world as we all know today is the product of a series of accidents and historical processes that could just as easily have gone another way” (p. 5). Joshua Keating explores why the countries on the map seem so stable by visiting countries that don’t exist, in one shape or another. […]

Thought Provokers

Wichale: The Attempt to Establish a Protectorate over Ethiopia

On May 2, 1889, Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia and Count Pietro Antonelli of Italy signed the Treaty of Wichale. Menelik had a relatively long relationship with Italy in his rise to power, and the Italians supported him as he sought to become Emperor. The Treaty of Wichale, according to the Italian version, gave Italy […]

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Can Intervention Work?

Crises call for action. Bosnia, Somalia, Rwanda, Afghanistan, Libya, Syria, Yemen… The international community has responded to countries experiencing crisis in a range of ways, from heavy-handed military action to neglect. Have the activities achieved their objective? And, if not, what might be do differently in responding to crises in the future? This is the […]

Thought Provokers

Ethiopia’s First Land Tenure Study

In 1965, H. S. Mann published “Land Tenure in Chore (Shoa): A Pilot Study” (data collection took place in 1963). It was Ethiopia’s first land tenure study. It is a product of the Haile Sellassie I University, one of the many great publications that emerged during this time period – and which are increasingly difficult […]

Thought Provokers

Ethiopia: Victorious Struggle Against Fascism

The Derg / military government era of Ethiopia (1974-1991) is often glossed over as a terrible period, epitomized by the ‘red terror’ that rooted out any opposition and eliminated it. As a result, while there is much documentation on the atrocities, less is known about the rest of the social, political, ideological and legal aspects. […]

Thought Provokers

A History of Modern Ethiopia

Bahru Zewde has penned some excellent books: The Challenge of Democracy from Below (2002), Pioneers of Change (2002) and The Quest for Socialist Utopia (2014). This post covers “A History of Modern Ethiopia 1855-1991” (originally published in 1991, second edition in 2001). Richard Pankhurst, one of the great historians for Ethiopia, described Bahru Zewde as […]

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The Last Post-Cold War Socialist Federation

Semahagn Gashu Abebe’s “The Last Post-Cold War Socialist Federation: Ethnicity, Ideology and Democracy in Ethiopia” (2014) offers a wealth of insight in Ethiopian federalism, with a particular strength of offering depth of constitutional context. Of recent, much has been said of Ethiopia’s “developmental state” approach, less about its “revolutionary democracy”. Semahagn provides useful context on […]

Thought Provokers

Navigation by Judgement

In development studies and practice we can get excited by new ideas, and over-stretch them. Participation was a cure all, then it became tyranny, and now we have more informed ‘split ladders’ that help determine when, where, why and how participation can work well. The rise of results- and evidence-based decision making was at its […]

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I Write What I Like – Steve Biko

Similar to other giants of the struggle against apartheid, we do not have a book written by Steve Biko that pens his ideas. For Robert Sobukwe, a biography was written, while for Steve Biko, we have a collection of his writings and transcripts, first published in 1978. The book contains powerful ideas, some of which […]

Thought Provokers